Friday 15 June 2012

Heart to Heart

Heart to Heart


When I first began planning my fink piece I already had a vague idea of what I wanted to do. Throughout the design process I changed and perfected my idea, leaving me with a final design I was very happy with. The medium I wanted to use was pretty much decided from the start, I wanted to use wire, the only thing that changed was the type of wire I wanted to use. After doing some material testing, I realised that, unlike straight wire, chicken wire is much more time effective. Also, it is just as aesthetically pleasing as straight wire, in fact it is more uniformed, so depending on your eye it may seem more attractive.
I drew inspiration from several different wire artists. I liked Anthony Gormley's use of different types of wire. Also he made sculptures out of many different mediums. He plays a lot on the importance of positioning, as the poses of the sculpture can add extra drama. 
I was very inspired by Banksy's pieces of the girls being flow away by balloons. This is what inspired me to use a balloon in my piece. The balloon is quite a major aspect of my piece. I chose the colour so it contrasts the silver of the sculpture. I think the colour scheme, although simple, works very well. I think it is the simplicity that makes it so pleasing. Thew colours do not clash, they just make one stand out against the other. I chose red as I think it is a very vibrant and eye-grabbing colour. Which is exactly what I wanted. 
One of my initial designs was a textiles piece. This is where I took the idea of the textiles heart. It was a very successful medium to use. As the heart had to be light, so it could be hung of a piece of wire, therefore fabrics were the ideal material to make the heart out of.
A large amount of inspiration for this piece came from the work of Elizabeth Berrien. Her work flows so beautifully, I loved the elongated elegant lines. I also liked the fact that some of her sculptures are shown outside. That is how I got the idea of my piece looking almost like a permanent outdoor fixture. 
Although it was not what I originally wanted, I quite like the copper pole within my sculpture. I think it makes the sculpture look like a permanent fixture. I like the idea that you could stand my sculpture in a garden or street corner and the copper would tarnish, plants would climb up the wire and the wood would rot, yet the girl, who is the emphasis of the piece would never age. 
I am very pleased with how the piece looks. I think the whole idea of having two hearts, one inside the sculpture and one outside the sculpture, works really well. My plan was to make a visual metaphor. I wanted to put across the idea of the openness of childhood and how a child wears their heart on their sleeve, and as you grow up you lose that innocent honesty and everything becomes hidden and secretive. This also relates to the use of wire. Because the sculpture is transparent you could see that, as children have that innocent honesty, they are easy to read, and nothing is hidden. 

These are my initial ideas, I painted them using watercolour paints.
My first initial design (grey head and torso), was inspired a lot by wire artists I studied such as Anthony Gormley and Elizebeth Berrien. I likes the silvers of the wires, so I used this in the colours for this piece. Also I planned to make this piece out of wire, I don't think this would have been very effective. The idea doesn't seem very viable. My third design is much more realistic, even though it is made out of the same medium. Because in the third design the structure involves much less detail, it is much more achievable.

My second design (blue textiles piece), was based a lot on the idea of stitches holding a body together. I drew inspiration from the idea of people who had been through surgery and who had most literally been stitched back together. I chose blue as the colour to make this textiles piece because it related to the idea of dead bodies, which had been cut open for autopsy and stitched back together ready to be buried. I decided not to carry on with this piece as I didn't think it was quite challenging enough. Also, I wanted to go a little beyond my comfort zone for my final piece, and I found that the idea of sewing did not seem at all daunting.

My third design (girl in red dress with balloon) was inspired greatly by the work of Banksy. I loved his work showing little girls with balloons, I thought it really captured innocence and  youth perfectly. This is why I wanted to use his work as a major point of inspiration for this piece. I like the colour scheme of this design. I like the reds standing out against the greys. I think it makes the piece stand out more even though the colour scheme is so limited. As I planned to make this piece out of wire, obviously I was inspired by the medium of Anthony Gormley and Elizebeth Berrien's work. I liked the way they both use the wire in different ways and was intrigued into how I could use wire to create my own piece.

My fourth design (white figure in red dress) is quite a lot like my third. I was inspired by the same artists for this design. I think my third design may be more effective than this one. It is more detailed and individual. Also I think it is more thought out. This design isn't quite as good as I was hoping it would be. I think the idea could work. But not without a lot of work.








These are more initial designs. I did these using a variety of different mediums.
The first design (newspaper design) was inspired quite literally by the materials lying in front of me. I took the idea of a figure wearing a dress and came up with the concept of making a sculpture out of newspaper. This was developed from my initial designs 3 and 4. I think this design is quite interesting. I love how newspaper looks, and I would have loved to see it in a three dimensional form. One thing that stopped me from pursuing this design was the fact that my initial idea 3 was already a favourite of mine, and chicken wire seemed like a much faster medium for creating a full sized sculpture when compared to newspaper, and I had to keep in mind that I had a deadline for my piece which meant I had to make executive decisions on mediums to use.

My second design (Pen figure) was largely inspired by the work of banksy. I like his fuss free way of approaching art. His work is straight forward and to the point. I tried to emulate this in this design. I used a fine liner to draw this. I liked the way this design looked on paper, but I found it hard to envisage as a final piece, I wasn't sure whether it would look lazy. I would make it large scale, but the design didn't seem quite challenging enough when compared to a design such as my newspaper sculpt design.

My third design (figure pastel piece) was a bit of an odd one. It was inspired by previous designs, mostly my red dress designs. I thought this might look interesting as a large pastel piece. I liked the idea of having lots of lines connecting up a large heart shape to a heart in the girl in the drawings chest. This was party inspired by some of the sketches drawn by Frida Kahlo. She used lots of lines connecting body parts to one another creating visual metaphors and making deeper meaning in her paintings. I did not feel inclined to pursue this piece as I don't think it communicated my idea of a heart being attached to a heart as well as other mediums could. I liked the idea of pursuing the same idea, but in a different medium, wire seeming like the most appropriate.




After reviewing all my designs, and doing lots of material testing I decided on my final design. Aspects of my final design were drawn from many of my initial designs. I took the idea of the heart being attached to a larger heart from my pastel design. I also decided to make the heart out of fabrics, which was inspired by my blue textiles design. The dress was inspired by all my designs incorporating dresses. The colour scheme was inspired by my 3rd and 4th initial design. The medium was chosen through many different types of material testing, but it was originally inspired by my 3rd design. 































































































































Tuesday 29 May 2012

Portfolios

Portfolios

           Amy  Jackson
Amy Jackson is a Costume and set designer for theatre. She creates designs from the briefing given by her employers. She has an online portfolio, accessible through Myspace. This portfolio includes examples of her sketches and finished designs. As it is on the internet, this portfolio is accessible to employers all around the world, this is most definitely a benefit of this type of portfolio. Her portfolio shows a broad selection of work, ranging from sketches, to finished designs, this gives potential employers an insight to the calibre of her work and her creativity. Her webpage is mostly to make her work accessible to members of the public, or people who enjoy or follow her work.
                This portfolio is a very good way of presenting work as it is accessible to a large amount of people. As a lot of her work is created with graphic mediums, having her work on an online format doesn’t effect the quality of her work.



Zhang Jingna



 Zhang Jingna is a fashion and beauty photographer. Her work is beautiful, playing a lot on the importance of colour and black and white. her work is very aethetically pleasing and draws in the attention of her viewers. She has an online portfolio featured on her own website. Her portfolio is split up into sections showing her fashion, beauty, personal and advertising photography.
                Her portfolio is a good way to advertise her work to potential employers and keep any followers of her work up to date. Her
website is well set out and easy to navigate around. This compels people to stay on her site and look through more of her work. Her website is quite visual and inviting. It includes a biography and details to get in touch with the artist. This makes her website very practical, as people who aer interested in her work will be able to contact her with any wueries towards her work, or any potential work they wish to offer her.
One thing that is a slight drawback of this form of online portfolio is the fact that it will cost the artist a certain amount of money to keep the website up.






My dog sighs
 My dog sighs is an artist who uses many different mediums to create pieces of art. His work is very interesting, he uses things such as old thrown out tin cans as a medium to creat art on. This makes his art very interesting and unusual.
 He has a portfolio featured on a Facebook fan page. He uses this page to keep his followers up to date on his work and upcoming shows. He also uses this page to advertise his work to people who may be interested in purchasing his work. He has a large following on his page, this will assist him with selling on his work. As Facebook is a widely used site he does not have to worry about people not being able to navigate around his page as facebook is very user friendly already.


One draw back to using a digital portfolio is that
 people can't see his work from all angles. As some of his work is three dimensional, people may want to see them from more angles than availabe on the website. Even taking this fact into consideration, I still think that a digital portfolio is ideal for this artist, as it allows him to be seen by an incredibly wide, diverse audience. It increases his chances of selling work.
               




She came from planet Z
This is an example of a physical portfolio that I found online. This was made by a student. This girl kept record of some of her work on a blog. Her blog was made with the intentions of having her work seen by a wider audience. Her physical portfolio would have been used to keep all her artwork and for interviews etc.
The fact that she has kept both a digital and physical portfolio may prove worthwhile in the future, as her work may be discovered by people online, giving her prospects for jobs in the future.








Physical Portfolios
A physical portfolio has advantages over portfolios on the internet. Physical portfolios mean you can look at the work in more detail and feel the texture of the pieces. But as it is a physical thing, it can be difficult for people to access, whereas a portfolio on the internet is accessible to people all round the world.
I use both a physical and digital portfolio to store my work, I think this is one of the best options, as you can then make use of the benefits of both types of presentation. It also means that your physical portfolio is backed up by a digital source, meaning if you misplace or lose it, you will still be able to access your work.
I use my portfolio to demonstrate my work and ability to colleges, so to gain access onto courses for my next year of education. I have found that having both types of portfolio has its benefits, and I am glad to have both.

Selecting work  
Both an internet and physical portfolio are useful in different ways. An digital portfolio is accessible to employers and followers of the artist living all around the world. Yet a physical portfolio is a more accurate representation of an artists work, as you can look at the pieces in more detail and can feel texture on the piece. Therefore I think that it is beneficial to have both a physical and digital portfolio, as the both present you with their advantages and disadvantages.
                I think it is important to have a wide variety of your work in a portfolio, as a clients would want to be able to see what skills you have and the kind of style your work is.
                It is important to select work as your portfolio cannot be too big. Also, you would choose your best bits of work, so to advertise yourself to potential clients.             
                I think it is important to include both finished work and work in progress. As this will show clients the way you work, and your development process. It will demonstrate your creativity and use of imagination.
                Portfolios can be used to advertise your work to potential clients. Also it can be used to demonstrate your work to universities and colleges, as they would require examples of your work before allowing you entry on to courses.
                It can be beneficial to include written information in your portfolio, as you may need to explain the idea behind your work. It also is advisable to have a CV and personal statement in your portfolio, as this will give evidence of your experiences and previous work in the industry.
                When it comes to choosing your strongest work it is advisable to get opinions from friend, family and peers, as they will have an outside view on your work. You should always ensure that you are choosing work that you are passionate about and are comfortable talking about, as in an interview you may be asked questions in regards to your work.







Tuesday 1 May 2012

Christmas card



This is a Christmas card I created last year. part of the challenge of making this card was the fact that it was being entered into a competition, where the best card would be selected to be sent out as a Christmas card from the college. This meant that I had to consider the fact that if my card was chosen it would have to be appropriate for all different types of cultures and people from different religious backgrounds.
I chose to use my own photography and text to make up my Christmas card. I used layers to layer my photographs. I changed the fill and opacity of my images, so you could see the image through the other one. I chose to use lotrs of different types of text in my piece, to make it look interesting. I also layered an photo I had teaken of snow to give my card a Chrismas-y theme.
I was very pleased with my card. I liked the finished result of the different photographs layered over each other. I think it makes my piece look very interesting and eye-catching.

I enjpyed this challenege. It extended my knowledge of photoshop drastically, and I feel more comfortable using photoshop having completed this task.

Tuesday 24 April 2012

Working in the art and design industry


                Working in the art and design industry



                Chichester Festival Theatre
Chichester Festival Theatre is a theatre based in Chichester, West Sussex. It was opened in 1962, it was founded by a local ophthalmic optician and former city mayor, Leslie Evershed-Martin. It is a theatre which presents a mixture of shows, some which have been produced strictly for Chichester Theatre, and some which are on tour, and adapt around the theatre.
There are many different departments around the theatre, creating the necessity for people of different professions.
Designers are used throughout several different departments in this theatre. They employ lighting, sound, costume, set and make up designers. All of these roles are incredibly important when it comes to putting on a show. Each department has to stay in contact with each other through out the design, rehearsal and show period. Watching over all of these people is the Stage Manager. This person will be in contact with all the departments through out a theatre during a show, they will make sure that every one is working well together and that their plans and designs don’t clash.

A large quantity of the artistic team employed in the theatre are employed part time. They will be offered work for the period of a show. Then when the show period is over they will move onto a different production.
The theatre makes a large amount of its money selling drinks and refreshments before the show and during the interval, so having a bar onsite is benefitial to them making profit. It is in their best interest to put as high quality performances on as possible as a consistently good run of shows ensures that they will have people coming to all of the performances.
          
                                                            Marvel comics
Marvel is a well known provider and publisher of comic books. It is owned by Walt Disney after they bought it in 2009.
Marvel specialises in Hero comics. They have publishedcomics such as Spiderman, Fantastic Four, The X-men and the Avengers. These comics are very widely known, most are household names, several of their comics have been turned into films. These films normally do very well, this is partly due to the fact that the comics will often already have a dedicated following.

There have been many reincarnations of some of there characters. Several of their characters have been brought back into the limelight by a new series of comics based on the hero.
There comics are known for being brightlty coloured and eye-catching, making them appealing to a potential customer. Marvel makes their money through the sales of their comics and the advertising that is featured in their comic books. A lot of their profit will come from the money they get through advertising. So the quality of their magazines will reflect on the amount companies will be willing to pay for advertising slots.

              




                                                            Costume designer

A costume designer designs costumes for performances. They are normally employed free lance, and for the period of a show. They will design the costumes for a show with direction from the director and other members of the creative team.
When designing costumes a designer would have to stay incontact with other members of the design team to ensure that their design works in conjunction with the other designer’s work to create a good overall show.  
A costume designer will have to research into the characters they design for, noting period and class, so they can design the costumes to reflect these facts. They will also have to consider a budget, which will be given to them, they will also have to ensure that the costumes won’t restrict a performer from performing their scripted movements and moving freely. One other thing they will have to consider is that the costume will last the duration of the show, a costume is usually made specifically for a show, therefore a designers only concern when it comes to strength of the costume is that it lasts all the way through the show period.

               Photographer
A photographer is a very commonly used professional in the art and design industry. There work is used to advertise all different types of products and document many different things. An example of a job a photographer can be employed to do is wedding photography. The photographer will be employed to take photos of the event, and perhaps some pre-event shots. This is a very well paid job, and is a good career choice, because people will pay a lot of money for their wedding photographs. The photographer would have to be reliable and would have to have some good examples of their work so that their clients have a reason to pick him over the many different photographers offering their services.

If you wish to go into the profession of wedding photography no particular qualifications are necessary, but having a degree in photography would always be a useful thing to have as it would give potential clients confidence that the job you will do will be done to a high standard. But one of the most useful thing for a wedding photographer to have is a broad and impressive portfolio of work. I have done some research into different wedding and event photographers, a lot of photographers use an online webpage to advertise their work. They will post pictures of previous work they have done as examples of the kind of work they can produce. Using an online webpage can prove to be very useful for an event photographer, as it makes them easy to find and it makes examples of their work and previous experience easily viewable for potential clients.
      
                Illustrator
Illustrators, like many other people in the art and design industry can be employed full time or free lance. They may have a full time position at some sort of publisher or magazine company, or they may just be employed for a short period of time to complete certain jobs. A large majority of illustrators work for themselves doing free lance work.
Illustrators often have other jobs while trying to build up their business as an illustrator. Most illustrators have a degree in illustration or another art related subject, although there is no set entry requirements to become an illustrator.
Illustration is used through many different modern day media companies. You can find illustrations as cover art in magazines, on packaging, in newspapers and in many many more places. Illustration is a eye-catching and fun way to draw somebody towards something. like a product of some sort. A bright interesting looking package is much more appealing when put next to a dull boring looking package, so illustration can be used to make products more appealing to a potential buyer just by making the packaging more interesting.

                Fashion Designer
A fashion designer is an individual who designs clothing. It is a very competitive industry, and it takes a lot of skill to do well in the industry. There is no set qualification requirements for this job role. Yet a lot of professional  fashion designers do have degrees in some sort of fashion or art related subjects. Also a lot of designers have experience in fields such as tailoring and pattern cutting, as these skills help them to create effective and realistic designs.
A fashion designer will be employed, either to design a set of clothing or a particular piece through free-lance or part-time work, or they could be employed as a full time designer for a company.
When a fashion designer is given the job of designing a piece for company, a place they could start could be doing research on, perhaps, a theme they had been given by the company or researching other artists work to draw inspiration from. They could then create a series of mood boards and draw up some initial designs drawing inspirations from their different forms of research. From here they could move on to developing their designs and testing materials they could use to make their designs. When they are happy with materials they could next combine some of the best bits of their best designs to create one final design. While going through this process it is highly likely that the designer would have had to present their designs to the company they are designing for, to ensure that the design meets the clients requirements.





Alexander McQueen
Alexander McQueen was a fashion designer. He first got into the fashion design industry without a degree. At the age of 16 he was offered apprenticeships at two different master tailors, one after the other. From here he moved on  to a theatrical costumiers, where he extended his knowledge on dress making. At the age of 20 he was employed by Koji Tatsuno. His second employer was Romeo Gigli, he was employed as a design assistant.
It was only after this, when McQueen returned to London, that he completed  a Masters Degree in Fashion Design. He studied at Central Saint Martin’s.
In his prime, McQueen was a highly celebrated fashion designer. He has received many different awards for his work.
You can see McQueen’s understanding of tailoring in his designs. The cuts of his pieces are all very sharp and neat. This is where his experience in tailoring comes in. Before now, I have looked into the option of following costume design as a career, while looking in to this I was told by many people, that being able to draw a nice design is completely different to being able to draw a design that works. You can see that McQueen has a very thorough understanding of how dress making and tailoring works.

            Banksy   
  Banksy is a highly recognised graffiti artist. His work is not legal, and has many critics. His real identity is a mystery.
His work is usually quite controversial and makes you think about political and social issues. He has become famous through his work, and is a very well known artist. His work has been purchased by celebrities.
Banksy’s work operates very much outside the law. He makes money out by selling his work onto people. It is unknown as to whether he has a job along side the work he does as a graffiti artist because, as I said, his identity is a mystery.

                Andrew Kent
Andrew Kent was a music photographer. He took iconic photographers of people such as David Bowie, Ringo Starr, Iggy Pop and Keith Richards. He began following a career in music photography at the young age of 18. He began as a staff photographer for the Los Angeles Free Press.
He is one of the most highly acclaimed music photographers of the 70’s. He took a lot of black and white candid shots of the stars backstage and onstage. His photos of bowie are definitely the most influential of his photographs. He really does seem to capture Bowie’s personality. He did have a lovely subject for his photography, the stage lighting on the live shows makes lovely still images. Especially in some of the Bowie shots where the light is only on parts of his body.
               

General information:
Many different types of artists can be employed either free lance or full time. The downfall of working free lance is that you are only payed for the hours that you are working, you do not get any sick pay, maternity leave or holiday pay. You are only payed for the hours of work you do, nothing more, nothing less. Some may prefer this to working full time, as you have more choice as to what hours you work and what jopbs you do. But I think that full time employment is a much more stable and reliable form of employment.
An attractive webpage will be a usefull tool for any artist or designer looking for full time or part time employment. As it compells the reader to stay on the page. Also it is benificial that the page is well layed out so a potential employer will find it easy to navigate their way around the page and get the information they need easily.

One thing I have noticed when researching into different roles in the art and design industry is that experience in the field you wish to work is almost equally as useful as having a qualification in the subject. I have started looking for companies involved in art and design who offer work experience or take on volunteers. I know that Chichester Festival Theatre takes on university students studying in the field of technical theatre on for periods of work experience. This kind of experience is useful as you gain a first hand insight into the tasks you will have to perform in a particular line of work.
Jobs in the art and design industry:
I have done research into jobs you can get in the art and design industry. I found details on a company advertising online looking to employ a designer ifor a permanent position. Below I have put a copy of the job description. As you can see in the piece of text below no particular qualifications are required for this position. It is just said that a background in illustration would be ideal and because the job involves a lot of computer work, expertise in computer programs such as photoshop would be needed.
Designer
Job viewed 376





Permanent, Hampshire, TBC
Silver Crane specialise in developing exciting, innovative new tin packaging for biscuits and confectionery - from cute snowman tins to beautiful, upscale products. We supply to major retailers nationwide and internationally and have a global reputation as the best for design.

We are looking for a new creative designer to join our growing, world class art team. The role will involve brainstorming new product concepts, creating flat and 3D visuals, mock-ups, and finished artwork. Computer skills are a big part of the role, and the candidate should ideally have an expertise in photoshop and / or illustrator. A background in illustration would be a bonus. The candidate should be very creative, passionate and enthusiastic, and able to fit into a team.

They should also be able to arrange their own transport and please note our location on the South Coast, about 15 minutes from Bournemouth.

Tuesday 6 March 2012

Julian Opie inspired piece



I created an image using photoshop as a medium. My piece was inspired by the work of Julian Opie. I chose o use photoshop because I had previously experimented wih using acrylic paint, and felt tips. Neither of these mediums gave me the right opions to create a piece similar to the work of Julian Opie. Each of those mediums (acrylic paint and felt tips) left me wiht brush/pen srokes on my piece, unlike the flat, block colour of Julian Opie's compuer generated portraits.



To create my photoshop image I scanned in a previously drawn pen outline portrait to use as a starting point for my piece created on photoshop. I then used the paintbrush tool on photoshop to trace round my image on photoshop. I traced each feaure of my portrait (face, hair, and neck etc.) on seperate photoshop layers. I then used the paintbucket tool to fill in the different parts of the portrait.


Using photoshop is definitely the most effective of the mediums I used. It gives a clean, flat colour, similar to Julian Opie's work.



Julian Opie

Julian Opie is an installation artist. He attended the Goldsmith’s school of art in London.
Julian Opie creates some portrait work. In this work the faces tend to be minimalistic he uses bold black lines and block colours to fill in he lines.









This is an example of Julian Opie’s portrait work. He designed minimalistic, simple outline images of the band members in Blur. He used bright colours for the background of each of he images. I think the backgrounds help to add personality to the images of each of the musicians. He used different colours to add texture to the hair of the subjects, this contrasts he res of the images where just block colour has been used.













This is a piece Opie created inspired by ballet dancers. He was representing a two dancers frozen during their routine.
I love how he’s simplified the bodies of the two dancers, turning them into basic bold outlined figures. Although he’s removed all the detail from the two figures, he’s kept the graceful elegance of the movements performed by the dancers. He has kept the detail of the ballet shoes on the dancers, although he’s removed things like the hair and faces of the figures.
I like the light, pastel colours he’s used to colour in the figures, it adds to the serene nature of the dancers movements.







Tuesday 31 January 2012

Chichester College; Marketing team

Working in the art and design industry : Graphic design


Cherise Loveday:

Cherise is the Apprentice.

Her role is to look after the incoming events, such as people who wish to rent the offices and halls in the college.








Jennifer Mitchell:

Her title is Business To Business Marketing Officer.

She looks after employer marketing, She works on the college website and written advertisement. She organises events.






Jane Summer:


Jane is the Schools Liason.

Her role is to build relationships between the college and schools. Therefor reaching out to potential future students.










Helen Ward:


She is the Head of Marketing.


She has a degree in economics.

Her role is to coordinate all the individual jobs and roles in the college and keep the team working as a collabarative.






Alan Goldsmith:

Alan is the Senior Graphic Designer.

To work under this job title, you would have to have a degree or HND.

His role is to design logos, posters, leaflets, reports, prospectus' and websites. He is currently working on designing a new logo to advertise the A-level courses in the college.




Michael Pink:


He is a Graphic Designer.

He has a HND (higher national diploma) qualification


His role in the team is much like Alan goldsmith's; he designs leaflets, flyers, posters, reports and prospectus'.







Caroline Ponto:

Caroline's title is Press and Communications Officer.

She is incharge of the bi-weekly newsletter. She also looks after the online profiles, such as, their Facebbok page and Twitter account.









All the people above are employed on salary pay. The marketing people also empoys people under a free lance agreemant. These tend to be roles such as photograpers.


The marketing teams role is to advertise the college. They are responsible for all forms of advertisement related to the college. Their aim is to make the college a more attractive option to future students and employers. They aim to advertise a safe, fun, attractive learning enviroment.


The graphic designers in the team are the people who will do the artwork for all the advertisement. Then there are the roles of the people who are responible for liasing with other companies and educational institutions. There are also the people who are responsible for the written advertisement.